Aviation art came into my life from very far away in time, as airplanes did. I have fond memories of my dad making incredibly nice models; at that time he was already on those wonders like Airfix 1/24s. It must have been more than thirty-five years ago, but I do remember when he took us to the shop to buy the next new model, or when we were making models together on Sundays.  ...see more

Robert G. Aikins credits his father, a World War I flyer, with inspiring his early interest in aviation. Building model airplanes grew into designing and building model cars. This led to the Art Center College of Design in Los Angeles and a career spanning 35 years designing cars and trucks for the Ford Motor Company. After retiring as Chief Designer, Robert returned to his love of airplanes and started oil painting in 2001. His work covers all phases of aviation history with over 100 paintings ...

An Artist Fellow of the American Society of Aviation Artists, Steve Anderson creates works that reflect scrupulous attention to historically accurate detail, from the colorful markings on the fuselages to the time of day of an actual battle. Steve’s career has ranged from teaching fine arts and creating Emmy award-winning special effects, to being a Senior Show Designer and Art Director at Walt Disney Imagineering. Since 2002, he has devoted himself full-time to his art.

Gerry is a third generation aviator and self taught artist. He began creating original works as a sideline business while in the U.S. Air Force as a jet aircraft mechanic. He has been an active contributor to the Air Force Art Program since 1981, through which his art hangs in the halls of the Pentagon and other government installations around the world. Under the auspices of this program he has also had the opportunity to fly training and combat profiles in a variety of aircraft ranging from the venerable Lockheed T-33 to the F-16, in assignments around the globe.

The two big influences in my life were my mother and father. My mother, with her artistic talents, sparked my interest in drawing and art at an early age and my father, a USAF pilot, for my interest in aviation.

I joined the U.S. Army in 1965 and upon completion of flight school, served two combat tours in Vietnam as well as other flying assignments in the United States, Korea, and Europe, until my retirement in 1988. ...more... 

Giampaolo Baglioni was born in Florence, Italy, but now lives in Brazil. At a very young age, he learned to draw. In the early fifties, he started to visit air shows promoted by the Brazilian Air Force and demonstrations by US Navy and US Air Force teams. The link of airplanes and his ability to draw was immediate and permanent. In 1957, he was employed by Aerolineas Real as a technician for base maintenance.  ...see more

Jim hails from Warner Robins, Georgia, Home of the Robins Air Force Base Museum of Aviation and the Georgia Aviation Hall of Fame. As a proud Vietnam Veteran, Jim honorably served in the United States Air Force for thirty-four years, both as an Airman and in the Department of Defense. In Vietnam he served as a photo journalist with the 600th Photo Squadron and did some work for the "Stars and Stripes". His experience carried him to become a Political Cartoonist for Knight-Ridder News and later McClatchy Newspapers. ...see more

Throughout my life I have always been fascinated by aviation and the men and women who fly. It just seemed to become my purpose in life and remains my main driving force with my artwork and my passion.

My interest in aviation began as a child growing up in Dayton, Ohio ... 

Jean-Luc Beghin was five when Allied forces liberated his home town in Belgium during World War 2. The events around him left him with a lasting fascination for aviation as well as all things American. He later served as an illustrator, comic strip artist and photographer for military and civilian publications. Today he is an American citizen living in Los Angeles. He is currently creating visual histories of the U.S. Army Air Force, the jeep and G.I.'s experiences in Belgium and France during World War 2. His highly detailed renditions of cockpits interiors give the viewer the feeling of "being at the controls". Air France hired him and he became Ops Manager at LAX where, for  23 years,  he totally enjoyed taking care of the 747s, the  777s and their crews. He was recently awarded the Aero-Club de France 2018 prize for his "Cockpits" art book. 

A graduate of USL in Lafayette, Louisiana, and Art Center College of Design, Ben has been making a living as a storyboard and comp illustrator in the advertising business for over thirty years. His clients range from consumer goods to aerospace, to autos and technology.

Born in Hitchin Hertfordshire in 1958. In the UK, Martin now lives in Letchworth Hertfordshire. He worked in the Aerospace Industry at BAe for a number of years, always been interested in Aviation Art he joined the Guild of Aviation Artist’s in August 2002.
In April 2005 Martin received the Frank Wootton Regional Award from the Guild of Aviation Artists. This Award is given to improving artists and is set up in the memory of the Guilds founder member the Late Frank Wootton OBE GAvA. This Award was presented at the AGM by Mr. Michael Turner P & F. GAvA. ... see more ...

Ardell was born in Alberta, Canada and moved around North America with his family, settling in Sardis, British Columbia after his father’s retirement from the Canadian Armed Forces. He attended the Emily Carr College of Art and Design, majoring in animation and three dimensional studies. 

Fascinated with the entire creative process, Mark has been drawing and painting since early childhood. Primarily working with Watercolor, he's known for his use of contrast and bright color within his compositions. Painting and drawing a wide variety of subject matter … 

Born in Oakland, California in 1940, Kenneth Hamilton Sather (as in sayther) Bruguière (as in brewgair) is the grandson of pioneering Modernist photographer Francis Joseph Bruguière (1879-1945). See BRUGUIÈRE - His Photographs and His Life. James Enyeart, Alfred A. Knoph, New York, 1977. Although largely self-taught Sather Bruguière's work has been part of a life-long study of art and artists.  see more ...

Born in Baltimore, Robert’s interest in aviation started at a very early age. During the first 18 years of his life he built scale and flying models of just about “anything with a propeller”, but primarily planes of the 1930s and 40s. After attending the Rhode Island School of Design (R.I.S.D.) in the 1970’s where he earned his B.F.A. in Illustration, Robert worked for various advertising agencies in Massachusetts and Rhode Island. In 1986 Robert founded the Independent Pencil Company illustrator studio. In 1998 he made the transition to fine art specializing in ...

Paul served in the Air Force and Air National Guard as a pilot, flying F-101, F-102, F-4, O-2 and A-37 aircraft, during which time he painted as a hobby. After retirement, he began devoting more time to aviation art and has been a member of the American Society of Aviation Artists since 1987.

I was born at Cannon Air Force Base, New Mexico in 1971.  My father was a career Air Force pilot and a huge influence on my passion for aviation.  My earliest attempts to enter the world of aviation art were drawing airplane doodles as a 3-year old on the inside covers of my dad’s Janes volumes in crayon.

I earned my Bachelor of Fine Arts degree from The University of Arizona and was commissioned into the Air Force in 1996 and earned wings as an Electronic Warfare Officer (EWO) serving as an AC-130U EWO and EC-130H Mission Crew Commander.  I flew in Operations DELIBERATE FORGE, ALLIED FORCE, ENDURING FREEDOM, and IRAQI FREEDOM I and II. 

Following active duty, I worked as a contract illustrator for the USAF Weapons School Weapons Review magazine for 5 years.  In 2015, I established my own business, The Art Of Justin Carroll, LLC.  Artists who I’ve long admired include R.G. Smith, William S. Phillips, and James Dietz among others. 

My wife Danielle and I have two children, Mackenzie and Brayden.  We reside in Tucson, Arizona and often enjoy Mission Beach in San Diego and skiing the slopes of Arizona and Colorado during the winter.

Hank Caruso's award-winning Aerocatures (tm) are among the most novel and distinctive images in aviation art today. Trained as both an artist and engineer, Hank's familiarity with aviation technology and aircraft operations enable him to convincingly show how flight crews feel about their aircraft and how the aircraft feel about themselves. His careful draftsmanship and attention to detail add a strong sense of realism to his dynamic portrayals of each aircraft's unique personality.

Doug Dastleman has had an interest in aviation and space exploration history all of his life. He also has a strong passion for art and art history. It is natural for him to combine the two and produce art relating to aviation and aerospace. He strives to not only make technically accurate paintings of the aircraft, but to make the paintings artistically and aesthetically pleasing to the eye.

Douglas has a degree in fine art, which helped him learn the various technical aspects of painting, but learning to paint aircraft accurately is something that only practicing for decades, as well as studying and learning directly from other aviation artists and artists in general, can really accomplish. ...more

At the age of six, John Clark became interested in airplanes. From his home in Chicago, he spent many hours watching them fly overhead on their landing approach to Midway Airport. He often wondered— how do airplanes turn? His conclusion was that the wings rotated; left for a left turn; right for a right turn. At that time he was not aware of ailerons, elevators and rudders. …

Gil Cohen, member of the American Society of Aviation Artists and twice winner of the Society's prestigious 'Best of Show' award, ranks among the world's leading aviation artists. While Gil's paintings reflect his profound interest in history, it is his sensitive portrayal of the human element - the nuances of facial expression and body posture - set against the background of wartime airfield activity, which brings each canvas to life. …

Steve Cox has been interested in aircraft, artwork, and model making as long as he can remember. He served in the USAF as a crew chief on C-141s, and at McDonnell Douglas and Boeing as an assembly mechanic on F-15s, 747s and 767s. For the past 28 years he has been a model maker / illustrator in the Rapid Prototyping & Modeling lab at Boeing’s Development Center in Seattle. 

Ray Crane has been a professional artist for more than 30 years, working out of his own studios while also serving as artist for Boston's Museum of Science, where he produces space and astronomical art for multimedia planetarium productions. His interests span a variety of subjects, all with a bent toward the past: early transportation, both aviation and marine; as well as historic houses, sites and landscapes of New England. Over the past 15 years, he has produced a large collection of paintings depicting the aircraft and airlines that shaped air transportation in the northeast from the 1920s to the present. ...more...

The art of Steve Daniels includes music, writing and illustrating books, from technical illustrations to children's books and novels. He was a staff artist for the Air Force during Viet-Nam and prepared artist concepts of top secret aircraft. Steve also designed and built marine science exhibits for three public aquariums, was an underwater photographer and ran an underwater search and rescue team. ..see more

Born in Upper Michigan in 1961. Graduated with BS in Aviation Management from Western Michigan University in 1984. Rich took up aviation art in the summer of 1980. Since then Rich has produced numerous paintings for museums, military organizations and private individuals. In 1985, he was accepted in to Aviation Officer Candidate School (AOCS) in Pensacola, Florida, being commissioned as an Ensign in September of that year. Rich flew the Sikorsky SH-60B Seahawk for 5 years, including two long deployments, one of which included 156 hours of combat flying during OPERATION DESERT STORM. Rich left the Navy in 1991, but has stayed in the Reserves, retiring at the rank of Captain in September 2015 after 30 years of service.

Mr. Darbyshire trained as an artist, served in the U.S. Air Force, and retired from Lockheed Aircraft Corp. after almost 40 years, most of which was spent in the ‘Black World’ of the ‘Skunkworks’. Mr. Darbyshire works in oil, watercolor, and pencil.   ... see more

Fernando de la Cueva, Madrid 1953, has been interested in aviation his whole life. He is a sailplane and private pilot and cooperates with Madrid based Infante de Orleans Foundation, that is dedicated to preserving and flying old airplanes in Spain.

He stood out in drawing classes from his childhood, and in 1971 he graduated from Needham High School, Massachusetts, He had been drawing and painting since he can recall, but his true art vocation surfaced about twenty years ago, and ever since, he has been painting only aeronautical themes. ...see more

As a child during WWII, Domenic was obsessed with drawing war planes that flew from nearby airfields. His interest became fully realized when he earned his pilot’s license and purchased his first airplane. Although mostly self-taught, he received formal art training at the Rhode Island School of Design and also studied engineering at the University of Rhode Island. ...see more

Lou Drendel's paintings have appeared in the Chicago Tribune, Time-Life Publications, Berkely Books, The Journal of the American Aviation Historical Society, EAA Warbirds Magazine, and in the 60+ books he has authored on military aviation for Squadron/Signal Publications and for ARCO Publishers. He has also authored and published “The Lima Lima Flight Team: The Life and Times of the World’s First Civilian six-Ship Formation Aerobatic Team”, and three new Kindle books, “B-25 Mitchell Illustrated”, “Aviation Art of Lou Drendel II” and “P-47 Thunderbolt Illustrated”.  ...see more

Donald Driss has shown his work in group exhibitions throughout the New York area in the 1980's and 1990's, including shows in Soho, Tribeca, and at Lincoln Center on the Upper West Side of Manhattan. He has also exhibited his aviation art at the Aerospace Historical Center in San Diego, The Confederate Air Force in Midland, Texas, and the Virginia Air & Space Center in Hampton Beach, Virginia. ...see more

Following earning a Fine Arts Degree in painting from Florida State University, Alex served in the U.S. Marines for nine years as a fighter pilot. Alex’s interest in painting works of aviation art was sparked at flight training during his first visit to the National Museum of Naval Aviation in Pensacola, Florida.  ...see more

Gary Elshoff has professionally made custom designed stained glass windows for over 20 years. Emphasis has been on aviation themes, though the work has ventured into other themes, including the new ‘State Counties’ collection. As an Artist Member of the American Society of Aviation Artists, his work can be seen in homes, offices, universities, retail venues, and hangars throughout the United States and abroad in Europe and Asia. ...more

Jack’s career as a practicing professional artist spans a period of over thirty-five years, both as a commercial artist and a fine art painter. His intense interest in the history of the air war in the Pacific led to his origination of the Cactus Air Force Art Project, dedicated to the collecting and archiving of historical data relating to that period. Most of his work today illustrates military aviation in the Pacific. ...more ..

Keith has had a 50 year career in aviation art. Active in the Air Force Art Program over 40 years, with 53 major paintings in the collection, he has traveled worldwide with the Air Force and flown in and documented the missions of most jet aircraft types in the inventory. He is a founding member and past president of the American Society of Aviation Artists. He's best known for two 75 foot murals at the National Air and Space Museum "Fortresses Under Fire" and "The Evolution of Jet Aviation." …

Robert grew up in Diamond Bar California, where he studied painting with a local artist. Robert attended the University of California, Irvine and then joined the US Navy. After completing flight training, Robert completed a 23 year career as a Naval Flight Officer while concurrently pursuing fine art and illustration. Robert was able to attend the Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts for a year focusing on academic foundation (life drawing, perspective, color, life painting, etc) and portraiture. He continues to experiment with new mediums and subject matter. ...more

After graduating from Auburn University with a BS in Aerospace Engineering and studying for a Master’s in History of technology, David Flynt entered active duty as an officer in the U.S. Air Force. While on active duty, Flynt served as an engineer at Wright-Patterson AFB, OH, working on advanced crew escape concepts for hypersonic vehicles such as the National AeroSpace Plane. After leaving the Air Force, Flynt attended the Art Center College of Design in Pasadena, CA, and graduated cum laude with a BS in Industrial Design. At Art Center, Flynt studied product design, entertainment design and illustration. ...more

I enjoy painting "what I see". My artwork has always been formed around realism. I started with sketching, progressed to oils, then to acrylics, and now back to oils. All of my work is completely sketched out, even to the smallest detail, prior to applying either oil or acrylic. I can get inspired in moments, or over days and weeks.

My work currently is mainly of aviation. I served with the United States Air Force during the Vietnam Era and that has been one big influence on my more recent paintings. I also enjoy landscape subjects, especially English settings from my travels to England.

Since childhood, airplanes have held an obsessive fascination. The freedom, power and beauty of manned flight gripped my imagination and would not let go. Like many young boys, I channeled my creativity and focus by building plastic model airplanes. After high school, I began exploring the arts at a local community college. This only served to whet my appetite for a more challenging curriculum. Transferring to the College of Creative Studies in Detroit, Michigan, I fell in love with the art of illustration, honing my skills under some of the most talented teachers in the field. Upon graduation I applied to the armed forces to fulfill my dream of flight. ...more

Born and raised in southern Indiana, David Gray's love affair with airplanes, aviation, and history began as a small child. As a young boy, he'd ride his bike to the local airport to dream and play in a derelict C-l 19 cargo plane. Too young to fly, Gray turned to paper and pencil to fulfill his fascination with aviation and history, and began drawing airplanes, ships, and epic battle scenes in the second grade.

His keen interest never waning, Gray received his private pilot's license at age 17. While majoring in history at Mississippi State from 1981 -1984, Gray produced his first commissioned, limited edition print - an F-l 6 - which sold out in three months.
Gray entered the U.S. Army in 1984 and began flying the Bell UH-1 helicopter in 1985 as a medevac pilot. Following five years of active duty service in the United States and abroad, Gray returned to college, receiving a B.S. in Aerospace Technology from Indiana State University. ..more..

A native of Huntsville, Alabama, James Green joined the U.S. Army immediately after graduating from Lee High School in 1977. Enlisting to be an airborne infantryman, he served most of his military career in the 82nd and 101st Airborne Divisions. After serving in the first Persian Gulf War with the 101st Airborne, he was first an Army Recruiter, and then later he was assigned to the Range Division at Yakima Training Center, Yakima, Washington. ...more

Roy, born in Santa Barbara, California, has been drawing airplanes ever since he can remember. When he was not drawing them, he was building plastic models, a hobby he still passionately enjoys. When Roy graduated from Santa Barbara High School he decided to join the Navy where he was stationed in Guam. Thereafter, he attended the Art Center School of Design in Los Angeles where he graduated with honors. He moved to NYC where he was an Illustrator on Madison Avenue for several years. Later on, he decided to become a free lance artist. This decision has led him in several interesting directions! ...more

George Guzzi graduated from Tufts University in 1956 with a BA in Chemistry and Biology He received an Arts degree from the Art Institute of Boston in 1959 and served on the Institute’s faculty from 1959 to 1965. George is a member of the American Society of Aviation Artists, the American Society of Marine Artists, and the Society of Illustrators in New York City, NY. He has traveled abroad for the USAF Art Program, vivsiting Panama, Italy, Germany, Spain and England to document Air Force activities. As a member of the NASA Art Program he has documented five launches, a landing and astronaut training at the Johnson Space Center in Texas. Two of his paintings traveled to museums around the world as part of NASA’s “Visions of Flight” show. ...more

Paul Hambleton is an aviation and portrait artist living in Fort Myers, Florida. He has been drawing/painting airplanes since childhood, and began flying at age 18. He served 12 years with the USAF/ USANG flying the F-15 Eagle and is currently a pilot with American Airlines.

“My style is that of an Aviation Impressionist Painter. Aircraft have different levels that they project. I tend to gravitate to how they make me feel. That’s the way I paint them.” It’s been a long road from illustrating with the U.S. Army evacuation forces in Vietnam (1975), to building models and creating electronic art for software companies (1996 to present). ...more

Long inspired by the works of N.C. Wyeth and Maxfield Parrish, Ron studied at the Academy of Art College in San Francisco, specializing in illustration and design. He went on to serve as a pilot for American Airlines for 22 years. He has always considered himself a full time artist and was never far from an easel and paint brushes. An inveterate people watcher, Ron has been fortunate to be able to observe a large cross section of humanity in his travels, which aided him in developing an artistic style that he characterizes as “narrative/expressive.” ...more

I've been involved in aviation, and in art since as long as I can remember. Both my parents were good artists – my mother leaned toward the abstract, and my father toward drawing and design. My father was also a pilot. His job saw the family based all over the world through the sixties, seventies and eighties. We lived in New Guinea (I was born there), Fiji, Kenya, Indonesia and Malaysia. I’m in my forties now, so as you can imagine there wasn’t much in the way of electronic entertainment for the kids. My principal form of entertainment was drawing aircraft. ...more

Kristin Hill specializes in aviation art, concentrating on fine art oil paintings and custom commissions. Her works depict both the man-made aspects of aviation and the natural environment encountered during flight. In the skyscapes and landscapes she paints, the fleeting beauty and power of the skies and environment in which we live are captured for repeated enjoyment.

Kristin Hill specializes in aviation art, concentrating on fine art oil paintings and custom commissions. Her works depict both the man-made aspects of aviation and the natural environment encountered during flight. In the skyscapes and landscapes she paints, the fleeting beauty and power of the skies and environment in which we live are captured for repeated enjoyment.

Jim Horan grew up around airfields. His father, an aircraft mechanic and electrician, worked at several Air Force bases during and after World War II. Horan often visited the bases for air shows. After graduation from Bellevue (Nebraska) High School, near Offutt Air Force Base, Horan attended the University of Omaha and graduated from the Omaha Art School. A crew chief and S/Sgt. in the Nebraska Air National Guard, Horan worked on F-86Ls and RF-84s. ...more

An Artist Fellow of the ASAA, Group Captain Syed Masood Akhtar Hussaini is the official Military Aviation Artist of the Pakistan Air Force. Born in January 1951, he joined PAF College, Sargodha in 1963 and was commissioned as a pilot in March 1971 at the PAF Academy, Risalpur, gaining a Bachelor's degree from that institution. In 1973 he qualified as an Air Defence Weapons Controller, a capacity in which he continued to serve until his retirement in 2000. In addition to five full-colour volumes of his paintings, Hussaini's art work has appeared in several other publications. On the 40th anniversary of the PAF, the Government of Pakistan issued ten commemorative postage stamps, all bearing the miniaturised prints of his aviation paintings. Several exhibitions of his art have been held.  ...more

Greg Jackson is a graduate of the United States Military Academy at West Point, where he completed a concentration in Military History. After graduation, he served as an Armor officer in the United States Army, deploying as the executive officer of an M1A1 tank company for Operation Desert Storm. He currently works as a senior web graphics designer.

A self-taught artist, Greg has been fascinated by aviation from an early age, being particularly drawn to military aircraft. His art can be found in the collections of the Valiant Air Command Warbird Museum, the Army Aviation Heritage Foundation, the USAF Thunderbirds Flight Demonstration Team, and private collectors. Greg is married to Amy Jackson and has two sons, Eric and Evan.

An F-16 pilot and a Southwest Airlines Boeing 737 Captain, Mark S. Jannakos ,who earned his wings from the U.S. Air Force in 1984, expresses his love for flying through his artwork and records his unique viewpoint as a pilot on canvas. Jannakos, whose paintings are technically correct, mainly focuses on fighters and commercial airline jets for his subject matter. ...more

Carl E. Jones is a graduate of the Art Institute of Chicago from which he received his BFA degree. Through competitive submission, he was awarded the James Nelson Raymond Traveling Fellowship with which he studied and traveled for a year in Europe. Carl retired from Lockheed missiles and space after 32 years as an artist for technical publications. ...more

David was introduced to the world of aviation by his father, a private pilot. As a youth he particularly enjoyed weekend flights to the Airport-in-the-sky on Catalina Island where the highlight was a “carrier-like” mountain top strip and the famous pancake breakfast served to pilots. His son, a Naval Aviator, now fuels his aviation passion. David spent many hours in his youth imagining how things should look and into the wee hours of the night filled many sketchpads. ...more

Tom has been painting and flying since the age of sixteen. He has accumulated over 16,000 hours of flying experience in a variety of aircraft types. This piloting background brings to the canvas authentic views of aircraft and their realm. Tom specializes in oil paintings of commercial and general aviation, with an emphasis on airliners of the 1950s. For over a decade, Tom was the Staff Artist for the World Airline Historical Society. ...more

Robert brings his passion for aircraft and the love of flight into aviation related attempting to create a place where the viewer may wish to be, if only for a moment. Therefore, his paintings of military aircraft usually appear in non-lethal scenes focusing on the beauty of the machine and its surroundings. When not painting aircraft Robert follows his Celtic heritage by painting landscape scenes from both Scotland and Ireland. 

After spending four years working on Marine Corps "slow movers" - helicopters and OV-10s - Bill entered Virginia Commonwealth University's commercial art program. Graduating in 1982, he immediately went to work as a full time illustrator and graphic designer for NASA, where he created conceptual and documentary illustrations for such projects as the Space Shuttle, Space Station, High Speed Civil Transport and Blended Wing Body, as well as designing hundreds of program logos. After 34 years at Langley Research Center, he retired in 2016. An Artist member of ASAA since 1992, Bill's works are on display in the Virginia Air and Space Center, the Hampton Virginia Airpower Park and the Oshkosh Aviation Museum, as well as the NASA Langley Research Center. Painting primarily in alkyds from his home studio, he divides his time between aviation and (flying) wildlife subjects.

I reside in Erie, Pennsylvania, yet have lived and traveled extensively throughout the United States. I studied at the Laguna College of Art and Design in Laguna Beach, CA, Studio Art Centers International in Florence, Italy, and earned My BFA from Edinboro University of Pennsylvania, Edinboro, Pa, graduating Magna cum laude. aph here. ...more

With over 37 years in aviation and logistics as a second-generation military member, understanding of the workings of aircraft in their element is evident in Rod's artwork. A licensed A&P mechanic, his commissioning into the United States Air Force afforded him  20 years of travel and first-hand experience in worldwide historical events, along with numerous opportunities to participate in operational missions within international military and civilian aviation communities.  On retirement from active duty, he worked with Boeing in KC-135 and B-52 programs.   With over nine years as a USAF Program Manager with the B-52, he was recently transferred  to the B-1B program.  

Rod has five accessions in the USAF Art Program, and several of his paintings were developed and used as covers for the AIR MOBILITY FORUM magazine while on staff at Headquarters Air Mobility Command.  He accepts commissions and readily considers opportunities to expand his artistic skills.  Rod’s works include a 4 x 8 foot E-3B painting at Tinker AFB, one of the B-17 “Memphis Belle”, which is currently hanging  in the halls of the Pentagon, a painting memorializing the crew of a B-52 "Raidr 21" lost in 2008, and other works in private ownership.  Rod is currently pursuing professional art development with ASAA.

Len is an instructor at Marymount Manhattan College’s art department, a member of The Art Students League, The Philadelphia Art Alliance, The Coast Guard Art Program, and The Air Force Association. Len was designated Master Artist at the 1998 Experimental Aircraft Association’s annual exhibit. Growing up in Northport, a village on Long Island, not far from several small airfields, he developed a taste for flying and airplanes. ...more

Bruce first indulged the great loves of his life as a London based international automotive art director for more than 30 years. The numerous European photographic sessions he conducted honed his considerable awareness of light. Bruce has exhibited at many international events including the Goodwood Festival of Speed and is a regular exhibitor at the Guild of Aviation Artists Summer Exhibition in London, winning the RAF Museum prize twice as well as ASAA where he was invited to their Retrospective in Battle Creek. ...more

Don is a retired art educator, artist member of the ASAA and Editor of ASAA's Aero Brush and Aero Brief . A graduate of the College of NJ, B.A. Art Education, and Rutgers University, M.A. Studio Art, Don has been an art educator in the Bridgewater-Raritan Regional School District for 29 years. He taught art studio and art history courses at BRRSD and art history at Raritan Valley College. Don is honorably discharged from the US Army Security Agency having served during the Vietnam Campaign.

Robert Mascher is a young Hungarian artist. He studied product design at the Academy of Applied Arts in Budapest. After obtaining his BA and MA degrees, he worked with graphics and taught art. His sculptures and paintings are of various styles but have one thing in common. They are connected to flying and aircraft. Robert has painted mainly the airplanes of Hungary, which are German (WWII) and Russian. ...more

Nestled among the live oaks near the small Texas Hill Country community of Boerne stands a converted cattle barn, the studio of Jerry McKenna. Born in Connellsville, PA, McKenna has lived in Texas for over forty years. He is proud of his Pennsylvania roots but says, "I have traveled the world over and I have yet to find a more perfect place to work. It offers beauty, peace, and sunshine for most of the year." He has the distinction of holding both U.S. and Irish citizenship and he spends part of each year in Ireland.

A former Air Force officer and decorated Vietnam veteran, his early recognition came from his bronze portraits of famous Air Force leaders such as Generals Billy Mitchell, Ira C. Eaker, and Jimmy Doolittle. His work can be found in museums, parks, churches, public buildings, universities, halls of fame, and private collections around the world. In 1987, McKenna was chosen to create the Processional Cross for the mass celebrated by Pope John Paul II in San Antonio. ...more

Vincent produced his first oil on canvas in 1996. It was a Mirage 2000 of the French Air Force. The original is now in the featured squadron and has been exchanged with a print of Ronald Wong, still hanging in his office in Paris.

After that very first painting, his production has been going smoothly, and is often limited by his "real job" which is also time consuming.

Priscilla Messner-Patterson and her husband make their home in the beautiful Idaho panhandle just outside Coeur d'Alene. After living for 23 years on rugged Kodiak Island in the Gulf of Alaska, they lived for several years on the Olympic Peninsula of Washington state before settling in Idaho. While in Kodiak, Priscilla taught art at Kodiak College for nearly 18 years. She painted wildlife, landscapes and still life before she began specializing in aviation related subjects in 1994. She is a member of the Coast Guard and Air Force Art Programs, the Canadian Aviation Artists Association and an award winning member of the American Society of Aviation Artists. Priscilla is also the recipient of the ASAA 2012 Luther Gore Distinguished Service Award.

Wade earned a B.A. in History from Louisiana State University in Shreveport while serving in the US Air Force Reserve and attended Louisiana Tech University while earning his Commercial Pilot Certificate and Instrument Rating. He later passed on his love of flying as an active Certificated Flight Instructor. Wade began to work full time as an aviation artist in 2003. Along with his painting, Wade took the time to pen "Perspective Projection by Descriptive Geometry: A Manual for the Artist".

After serving five years in the RCAF, I attended and graduated from the Chicago Academy of Fine Arts. My professional career includes studio and freelance illustration, layout and design and a senior Art Director position with a Chicago advertising agency. I am a licensed pilot, a contributing artist to the USAF Art Program and an Artist Member of ASAA since its inception. As a member of the early aviation art movement, my career was established as an illustrator of model box tops. Today, many of my original box top paintings done for Monogram, Lindberg, Hawk and Comet are collectors‘ items. ...more

Crissie received her BFA in Illustration from Massachusetts College of Art, with additional studies at The School of the Museum of Fine Arts and Harvard. When not at home in the studio, Crissie can be found travelling, filling the sketchbooks which have provided endless source material for her paintings

Aviation has been an integral part of Doug‘s life, from growing up the son of an airline pilot, to jobs as an aircraft mechanic for Eastern, Midway, and American Airlines. Doug flew as a professional flight engineer on Boeing 727s for Key Air, an international charter airline. His background has given him a thorough knowledge of his subjects. He specializes in commercial aircraft, and has provided paintings for airlines, ad agencies, model box art, book covers and many private collections.  ... more

Raised in Hawai'i, Pati has been involved with art for many years and started receiving awards while young including a national award while a teen. Since then, she has continued to receive recognition for pieces in juried shows. Her works show her ability and skill in various mediums, styles and techniques, and her ease with numerous subjects. The interest in aviation began as a child growing up near a military base and watching visiting air shows. She first became involved with aviation taking flight lessons and working as a flight attendant for an inter-island airline. Since then she has been an avid enthusiast of the many facets of aviation. ...more

Focusing on the earliest periods in aviation history from the dawn of flight to the end of WW I, wood and fabric airplanes dominate Michael's paintings. While still in high school, Michael began compiling a complete list of biographies of WW I pilots who hailed from his home state of New Jersey. The lasting impressions created by his interviews with several veterans, all them well into their 80s, focused his energies on the World War period 1914—1918. 

Don Parr is a Dallas-based artist. While living in New York City in the 1970s, he was inspired by the contemporary artists in the abstract impressionist, minimalist and colorfield genres, and created his first paintings. After a 35-year hiatus he returned to his art, linking colorfield and abstract impressionist techniques with aviation themes. Many of his current works employ aluminum panels and sculptural aircraft designs Parr’s works portray the functional aesthetics of aircraft design--an elegant balance of strength, weight, and aerodynamic efficiency. ...more

Tom is a graduate of the U.S. Naval Academy, and majored in Engineering. With a 15 year Naval Aviation background, flying F-4 Phantoms and F-14 Tomcats, he has always been drawn to “flying machines” and the skies, and has a fondness for seascapes and cloudscapes. He is a recent retiree (in 2020) from the business world and can finally devote more than a few hours to his favorite endeavor, painting and aviation art. He comes from an artistic family, including one of D.C.'s famous portrait painters - Kitti Von Kann (his aunt)- and has passed this inherited talent down to his own daughters. Tom works with Acrylic on canvas, does some metal sculpting, resin, and is proficient with an airbrush. ...more...

In school Willy got punished quite a few times because he was drawing instead of paying attention to what was going on in front of the class. It did not prevent him from graduating with honors in mechanical engineering. Out of school he aspired to become a comic strip artist in his native Belgium but getting a foot in the door at the renowned comic strip houses Kuifje and Robbedoes wasn’t as easy as he had hoped. There was simply no room for an aspiring newcomer. But, determined to not let himself be discouraged he started practicing. ...more

Darby Perrin’s love for aviation began in 1986 when he joined the United States Air Force. Already an accomplished artist, the military fed his creativity and afforded many opportunities to paint and design. He’s been a Crew Chief and flew as an Airborne Communications Technician on AWACS. He was a KC-135 Boom Operator for 20 years and he’s presently employed by the Air Force Reserve Command History Office as a full time Historian/Artist.  Darby has a gallery and studio on Tinker AFB outside of Oklahoma City.

Mark Pestana, Colonel, USAF (ret), until recently served as a research pilot at NASA’s Armstrong Flight Research Center, Edwards AFB, California. He is a member of the International Association of Astronomical Artists, the Society of Illustrators Los Angeles, the American Society of Aviation Artists, and the U.S. Air Force Art Program. His aerospace art is in private, corporate, and government collections, and nine of his paintings are in the Pentagon collection. Among many awards, he received First Place in the 2007 Aviation Week & Space Technology Magazine’s Art competition, Space category; and First Place in 1990 US Air Force art competition.

William S. Phillips has had a fascination with aviation for as long as he can remember. His career in aviation art began in 1968, and since that time he has traveled the world documenting the history of aviation. His original paintings hang in museums and public and private collections throughout the world. Published by the Greenwich Workshop with over 95 prints, Phillips is also a member of the Air Force, NASA, and Navy Art Programs. He has had numerous one-man shows, including the Smithsonian's National Aviation and Space Museum, Naval Aviation Museum, and Airmen Memorial Museum.  ...more

Marc Poole joined the ASAA as an Associate Member in 1992, and became an Artist Member in 2001. He became an ASAA Artist Fellow in 2019. He received his Bachelor of Arts degree in Graphic Design and a Master of Fine Arts in Electronic Visualization from Mississippi State University, and stayed on as Faculty in the Art Department from 2001-2007, teaching Design I and II, Drawing I and II, Rendering, and Computer Art. He moved to Biloxi, Mississippi in 2007 and spent the next year as the Multimedia Director for the Hard Rock Hotel and Casino before getting back into academia. He has taught for Tulane University, William Carey University, and the University of Southern Mississppi, and is currently the Fine Arts Instructor at Mississippi Gulf Coast Community College.

Marc is a Private Pilot, an avid plein air painter, and attempts to create his aviation pieces with a strong sense of natural light. He is passionate about Mississippi history and capturing stories close to home. He has works in the permanent collections of the National Naval Aviation Museum, the Mississippi Armed Forces Museum, the Navy Art collection, and the National Museum of the Marine Corps. Marc is also a civilian participant in the Marine Corps Combat Art Program.

The artistic works of Cher Pruys reflect her respect for the subjects she portrays. Her precise paintings capture every detail providing the viewer with extreme realism as well as evoking a mood that places you at the scene.
Pruys was born in Regina, Saskatchewan and has had her passion for art from a very young age. She is a self taught artist whose work has received international acclaim. Her works may be found in museums, galleries, aviation schools, and both personal and corporate collections worldwide.

Sharon Rajnus was an artist before learning to fly in the 1970s, and this new perspective became a compelling part of her new work. Rajnus comes to aviation in particular from a father who was an engineer and Project Administrator with Lockheed Aircraft during WWII. 

Craig Randall has won numerous awards over the years for his aviation art, including the EAA Annual Art Competition, the Smithsonian Air and Space Museum Competition, the All-Army Art Contest, and the National Museum of Naval Aviation art contest. He currently has paintings displayed in the Air Force Art Collection, the Army Aviation Museum, The Museum of Naval Aviation, the EAA Museum in Oshkosh, Wisconsin, and private collections worldwide. He is a free-lance artist, writer, and consultant. ...more

John Reinhold draws on his flight experiences as a corporate pilot to create nostalgic scenes about aviation.  His work has been recognized in several national shows including the American Society of Aviation Artists, SimuFlite Horizons of Flight, and Arts for the Parks. John has won in specific art categories, Award of Merits and fellow Artist Peer Awards. 

Steve worked as a helicopter flight test engineer for the first fifteen years of his life-long aviation career. His love of aviation prompted him to start his own business in 1965 which, for 35 years, was involved in nearly all phases of the general aviation business including flight operations as an FBO, maintenance, and engineering of helicopter accessory products. He began an aviation art gallery in 1987, now located in Santa Barbara, California. Steve has elected to focus his efforts on painting and also maintains an aviation website; he and his wife Casey share a studio at the CollectAir gallery.

Paul Rendel considers himself a story teller, using strong shapes and color to tell both the facts and the emotion of an event. The research that goes into each of his works is extensive. …read more...

Peter Ring is a self educated aviation artist born and raised in Worcester, MA. Peter is well known nationally for his "photo realistic" paintings of commercial and military aircraft. Peter paints primarily in acrylic, though he occasionally does pencil drawings. Painting aviation art is his way of staying close to aviation, to convey its thrill, and of showing what airplanes look like up close and at their best angles. ...more

Stephen is a native Virginian who works in finance and accounting and has his CPA license.  Ever since he was a little boy, Stephen was fascinated by airplanes. His father, a retired high school art teacher, got Stephen started in art.  After gradutating college with a business degree, Stephen joined the Marine Corps and was commissioned a 2ndLt.  The Marines gave him the opportunity to become a Marine aviator, and in November of 1998, Stephen earned his wings of gold and went on to fly CH-46E helicopters.  After leaving the Marine Corps in 2005, Stephen earned an MBA from George Mason University and entered the world of finance and accounting, working in the areas of tax and attestation before going in-house.  In 2011, Stephen discovered the ASAA and joined as an Associate member.  His paintings really took off (no pun intended) due to the wonderful guidance and mentoring of the members of the ASAA. Stephen eventually was accepted as an Artist member and served as Secretary.

Stephen currently works as the Director of Finance and Administration for a private school in Northern Virginia, which he is fortunate to have his son attend. 

Born and raised in New York City, Barry Ross had an artist’s education: High School of Music and Art in NYC and Pratt Institute, where he graduated with a BFA in Graphic Arts and Illustration. His family had a prosperous Advertising Agency In NYC, and art in all forms was fostered in their family.
As a nationally recognized prize winning Illustrator, his work was sought after by many of the larger corporations, including Exxon, Mobil Oil, Martin Marietta Aerospace, ABB Corporation, and Bendix Aerospace. His specialty was interpreting technology and also sports, and for over 30 years he was a regular contributor to Golf Magazine, Flying Magazine, Scientific American, Sports Illustrated, and many others. ...more

Michelle Rouch is a self-taught artist, who combines technical knowledge and accuracy with ability to define abstraction between finite lines. Her artwork continues to range over the full spectrum, which includes portraits, architecture, marine, aviation, landscape, and astronomical subjects. Rouch has many years of art experience. Rouch's engineering background offers the foundation for her artistic ability to draw aviation and astronomical subjects. Rouch received a B.S. in Electrical Engineering and a M.S. in Information Systems Engineering, but considers herself as a born artist. ...more

Rick Ruhman pursues a lifelong interest in aviation through his artwork. His paintings, photographs, and writings have been internationally published for over twenty years. An Honors Graduate from the University of California, he is a Charter Member/Artist Fellow of ASAA, a member of the Society of Illustrators, and contributes to the USAF Art Program. Known for his detailed, photorealist style, his award-winning paintings have been displayed in museums and galleries around the country, including the USAF Museum and the Pentagon. ...more

Phil Schmidt is a seasoned career graphic artist, watercolorist, avid pilot and sailor.

Born in 1960 and raised near Zurich-Airport in Switzerland, Frank Schwarz has been fascinated by aviation since his childhood. In 1977 Frank visited Great Britain, where he was exposed to aviation art for the first time at the Royal Air Force Museum in Hendon.

In the following years he often travelled to Great Britain where he met WWII pilots such as Douglas Bader, Johnnie Johnson, and many others.

In 1995 he started to sell aviation art prints. Customers began to ask for more prints with Swiss military and commercial aircraft subjects, but there were no such Swissrelated prints. For that reason Frank bought a starter kit for oil painting in 2005 and tried to paint airplanes himself. His first oil painting (a pair of F/A-18 Hornets) was sold some days later. ...more

Mike has been painting in oils for more than 20 years and has enjoyed painting subjects of many kinds.
He is an artist member of the American Society of Aviation Artists (ASAA) and works full time
at NetJets, Inc. as an IT Security Administrator. ...more

Graduate of The Cooper Union in NY, Norman went into advertising design, graphics, and marketing while a free-lance illustrator. As his advertising responsibilities grew, (Crest Toothpaste, Continental Airlines, Volvo), illustrating became a serious R&R outlet. He has always maintained a love for all things aviation and space. In 1989...

Jody F. Sjogren grew up in a family of aviators and had her private pilot’s license by the age of 20. After earning a Master of Science in Medical Illustration degree, she started her own medical art business in 1981. Her interest in aviation and the natural world led to the series of limited edition prints for which she is best known, entitled "Metamorphosis," depicting innovative transformations between winged creatures and aircraft. A subsequent series of her aviation art prints, entitled "Metaphors," captures the namesake or essential spirit of an aircraft in a visual story. ...more

Craig Slaff is renowned for his historical accuracy and technical detail. He is a graduate of Hartwick College with a degree in Fine Arts. His works have been shown in museums such as the Canada Aviation Museum, the National Museum of Naval Aviation, the Mighty Eighth Air Force Museum, the US Air Force Museum, Annapolis and the US Pentagon. Craig is an Artist Fellow of the American Society of Aviation Artists and serves as a trustee. He is a member of the Coast Guard Art Program, and has works in the Coast Guard Art Collection and dose work for the US Navy. Craig’s works can also be found internationally, in the Board Rooms of major corporations and in the homes of serious art collectors.

Russell's love of drawing was evident at a young age. After majoring in art at Augusta State University, he spent nine years working in the prepress industry while creating and selling his artwork on the side and most recently he has realized his dream of becoming a full time artist. Over the past few years Russell has self published several open and limited edition prints.

John Stahr takes the term "aviation art" to a higher level...he paints the actual aircraft! The aircraft actually becomes the art. Details like classic nose art, tail art, complete custom paint jobs, from experimentals and airshow planes to corporate jets...anything is possible. His studio in Eugene, Oregon also has easels and a gallery with original artwork on canvas and other surfaces.

As a former combat artist and veteran, Tony Stencel brings a unique perspective to his works, through his uncommon combination of artistic talent and military service. Stencel served with the Wisconsin Army National Guard for 9 years as a U.S. Army Illustrator, where was 1 of 11 total illustrators in the Active Army, Guard and Reserve forces.

Stencel was deployed to Operation Enduring Freedom - Afghanistan (OEF 2005) as a civilian combat artist with the former USAF Art Program to document to the mission of the United States Air Force through his art. He was an active member of the "Invitation Only" Art Program for 12 years ...more

Marc Stewart is a native of Atlanta, Georgia and resides in the state. He has always had an interest in flying and of aircraft, WWII aircraft in particular. As a teenager he earned his pilots license. He and his friends flew all over the U.S. and Canada in a Cessna 120, and through the ignorance of youth, mixed with a lot of luck, narrowly averted death many times! They would often get two aircraft and "dogfight" each other or put on "airshows" for their friends -- including one stunt flight through an expressway underpass. In college Marc became involved in sailplane flying and was an active member of the West Georgia College Sport Parachute Team. After college, he joined the U.S. Navy and graduated from Aviation Officers Candidate School in Pensacola, FL. ...more

Known as the “Artist of Energy,” Mimi’ s signature style EOS - Energy of Subject - explodes with color and 24k gold, copper and silver leaf. EOS originals provide a vibrant backdrop of kinetic expressionism to aerospace events celebrating Apollo 11, Blue Angels, Fleet Week, Navy in Space, NAA Collier Trophy, Aero Club, Wright Brothers Memorial Awards, Purple Heart, USS Intrepid Aircraft Carrier Museum and Living Legends of Aviation.

Joseph has been a member of the ASAA since his inspirational meeting with ASAA founder, Keith Ferris, in 1990. Growing up in a small Massachusetts town in the 50’s, Joseph remembers watching F-86 Sabres climb into the sky from Westover Field, near his father’s home town. “I can still hear the loud roar – those memories give me goose-bumps”. Joseph attended the University of Notre Dame, where he participated in football, boxing, and rugby before graduating in 1973. He attended Ray-Vogue School of Art, and received the Illustrator’s Award in 1977 and 1978, before graduating in 1978. His aviation assignments include: the U.S. Navy, General Electric, and the Harris Corporation. ...more

Len Tantillo is a graduate of the Rhode Island School of Design. Tantillo is a licensed architect who left the field of architecture in 1986 to pursue a career in the fine art of historical and marine painting. Since that time, his work has appeared internationally in exhibitions, publications and film documentaries. He is the author of four books, and the recipient of two honorary degrees. He is a Fellow of the American Society of Marine Artists. ...see more

Charles styled automobiles for Ford Motor Company for thirty-seven years. He is an ASAA Artist Fellow, winning "Best of Show— British Artist" in 1991, "Founder's Awards" in 1993, and 1996, "Merit Awards" in 1995, 1996, and 1997, and the prestigious "James V. Roy Award" for the best painting in show in 1999. …read more...

Tiro Vorster’s early childhood fascination with drawing machines on soap wrappers took flight when he saw his first large aircraft at age sixteen. He joined the South African Air Force (SAAF) and became flight engineer on the Alouette III helicopter and the Shackleton maritime reconnaissance plane. He was decorated in nine combat tours in insurgency wars in Rhodesia (now Zimbabwe) and Namibia. Self-taught, he sketched and painted the aircraft all around him. As assistant editor of the SAAF aviation safety magazine, Nyala, Tiro could use his artistic talents to illustrate. A commissioned work of South African/British Air Force ace Sailor Malan for the South African Embassy in London took him to England.  ...more

Stan Vosburg is an artist and engineer who entered the field of aviation art. Like many of his peers he was hooked on aviation at an early age and spent much of his youth in Southern California which, in the mid 50's, was a national focal point of aviation with numerous aircraft manufacturers and military airfields. Like many aviation enthusiasts his interest in aviation translated into a desire to fly but military vision requirements for flight training prevented him from being able to fulfill his dream. With a career change now a necessity, Stan turned his education and skills to working in the aerospace industry. ...more

Mark Waki is a full-time artist for Orbital ATK and works at the Promontory facility near Brigham City, Utah. He has been a professional aerospace artist since 1980 and has artwork displayed with the U.S. Air Force Art Collection, at the Pentagon, The U.S. Air Force Museum Wright-Patterson AFB, Ohio and with the U.S Air Force Thunderbirds, as well as with private collectors. ...more

Pete is an award winning artist, based in the UK who has always loved aircraft, but only started painting them in the last few years. Born and bought up in Kent where he still lives with his wife and two daughters he is surrounded by aviation history.

The site of Bleriots landing following his historic cross channel flight is only 20 miles away, while he can look out from his studio towards a Bf109 crash site, and Reculver Bay where the Dambusters of 617 Squadron practiced with the bouncing bomb.

Richard celebrated 30 years of displaying his transport art in 2013. To date he is best known as a moderately successful painter of automotive subjects. He has always retained his boyhood interest in aviation.  see more...

Mike is a native of Scotland and moved to Auckland in 1974. He has had an interest in art together with classic WWII aircraft since early childhood and has been painting in oils since age 16. Mike combines the skills he has acquired over many years as a landscape painter with his love of classic aircraft and, in recent times, has concentrated exclusively on aviation themes. Accuracy and attention to detail plus a desire to create an interesting and appropriate atmosphere for the subject matter is a priority in his work.

Born in Bridgeport, Connecticut in 1926, Andrew grew up with a love of aviation instilled by his father who served in the Royal Flying Corps/Royal Air Force. In WWII, Andy served with the U.S. Navy as a flight engineer/gunner, starting out in SBDs, then PBYs, PBMs and PV-2s. He spent a total of ten years in active duty and reserve service. Andy attended the University of Oklahoma, majoring in mechanical engineering. In 1951, he returned to Connecticut and joined Sikorsky Aircraft as a design engineer in the advanced design group. ...more

As a boy, flying models hung from the ceiling of his bedroom, and airplane pictures covered the walls. Among those pictures were his own sketches of planes and cars. His boyhood room predicted his life work: a pilot of Martin Mariners in the U.S. Navy during the Korean War, and Navy service, attendance and graduation from Art Center College in California. A 32 year career with General Motors as an automobile stylist followed. ...more

Ronald’s name needs little introduction to air force units in Western Europe and the US, for whom his precise and dramatic aviation work has been a familiar presence and inspiration for many years. His University degree in biochemistry originally set him on a career in the British health laboratories, and it was years afterwards that he returned to his childhood love of painting, and of aircraft. With his own unique style as a self-taught artist, combining technical knowledge and accuracy with dynamism and atmosphere, his work has won numerous prizes.  ...more

Keith Woodcock is a Fellow of the Guild of Aviation Artists, an Artist Fellow of the American Society of Aviation Artists and a full signature member of the Guild of Motoring Artists.

Having initially trained and qualified as a design engineer, he opted to fulfil his ultimate aspirations of becoming a full time professional artist in 1982 but restricted his choice of subjects to aviation and motoring. This was a deliberate decision rooted in a determination to utilise the knowledge gained during his 26 years of varied employment in the engineering industry, although his life-long enthusiasm for aircraft and cars was also a motivating factor. ...more